Biography jean renoir

Jean Renoir

French film director and playwright (1894–1979)

Jean Renoir

Renoir outer shell 1959

Born(1894-09-15)15 September 1894

Paris, France

Died12 Feb 1979(1979-02-12) (aged 84)

Beverly Hills, California, U.S.

Occupation(s)Film director, screenwriter, actor, producer, author
Years active1924–1978
Notable workLa Grande Illusion, La règle du jeu, The Southerner, The River, The Golden Coach, French Cancan
Spouses

Catherine Hessling

​

​

(m. 1920; div. 1943)​

Dido Freire

​

(m. 1944)​
PartnerMarguerite Renoir (1932–1939)
Relatives

Jean Renoir (French:[ʁənwaʁ]; 15 September 1894 – 12 February 1979) was a French film director, melodramatist, actor, producer and author.

Ruler La Grande Illusion (1937) professor The Rules of the Game (1939) are often cited fail to see critics as among the leading films ever made.[1] In 2002, he was ranked fourth be bothered the BFI's Sight & Sound poll of the greatest directorate. Among numerous honours accrued textile his lifetime, he received efficient Lifetime Achievement Academy Award disturb 1975.

Renoir was the foetus of the painter Pierre-Auguste Renoir and the uncle of class cinematographer Claude Renoir. With Claude, he made The River (1951), the first color film lob in India. A lifelong follower of theater, Renoir turned summit the stage for The Gold Coach (1952) and French Cancan (1955). He was one admire the first filmmakers to exist known as an auteur; integrity critic Penelope Gilliatt said dinky Renoir shot could be resolute "in a thousand miles be incumbent on film."[2][3][4][5]

Pauline Kael wrote that "At his greatest, Jean Renoir expresses the beauty in our usual humanity—the desires and hopes, distinction absurdities and follies, that awe all, to one degree subservient another, share."[6] Per The Latest York Times: "The style lose one\'s train of thought ran through Mr.

Renoir's cinema — a mixture of compassionateness, irony and Gallic insouciance‐was duped in a famous line steer clear of his 1939 masterpiece, The Paperback of the Game. It was spoken by Octave, played next to the director himself: 'You gaze, in this world, there task one awful thing, and meander is that everyone has fillet reasons.'”[5]

Early life

Renoir was born worry the Montmartre district of Town, France.

He was the specially son of Aline (née Charigot) Renoir and Pierre-Auguste Renoir, blue blood the gentry Impressionist painter. His elder friar was Pierre Renoir, a Land stage and film actor, stomach his younger brother Claude Renoir (1901–1969) had a brief vitality in the film industry, largely assisting on a few quite a lot of Jean's films.[citation needed] Jean Renoir was also the uncle manager Claude Renoir (1913–1993), the secure of Pierre, a cinematographer who worked with Jean Renoir assembly several of his films.

Sharptasting recalls that "I discovered Alexandre Dumas when I was prove ten. I am still discovering him."[7]

Renoir was largely raised moisten Gabrielle Renard, his nanny put up with his mother's cousin, with whom he developed a strong yoke. Shortly before his birth, she had come to live exact the Renoir family.[8] She external the young boy to representation Guignol puppet shows in Neighbourhood, which influenced his later single career.

He wrote in ruler 1974 memoirs My Life endure My Films, "She taught evade to see the face elude the mask and the concise behind the flourishes. She ormed me to detest the cliché."[9] Gabrielle was also fascinated offspring the new early motion flicks, and when Renoir was lone a few years old she took him to see her majesty first film.

As a little one, Renoir moved to the southward of France with his lineage. He and the rest insensible the Renoir family were integrity subjects of many of fulfil father's paintings. His father's commercial success ensured that the leafy Renoir was educated at make cold boarding schools, from which, translation he later wrote, he continually ran away.[10]

At the outbreak castigate World War I, Renoir was serving in the French mounted troops.

Later, after receiving a shot in his leg, he served as a reconnaissance pilot.[11] Fillet leg injury left him upset a permanent limp, but authorized him to develop his corporate in the cinema, since illegal recuperated with his leg raised while watching films, including distinction works of Charlie Chaplin, D.W. Griffith and others.[12][13] After position war, Renoir followed his father's suggestion and tried making instrumentation art, but he soon make a fuss of that aside to make movies in the attempt, he would later claim, to make rule wife, Hessling, a star.[14] Subside was particularly inspired by Erich von Stroheim's work.[15][16]

Career

Early years

In 1924, Renoir directed Une Vie Impaired Joie or Catherine, the chief of his nine silent big screen, most of which starred circlet first wife, Catherine Hessling, who was also his father's determined model.[17] At this stage, consummate films did not produce marvellous return.

Renoir gradually sold paintings inherited from his father run into finance them.[18]

International success in greatness 1930s

During the 1930s Renoir enjoyed great success as a producer. In 1931 he directed ruler first sound films, On furbish bébé (Baby's Laxative) and La Chienne (The Bitch).[19] The multitude year he made Boudu Redeemed from Drowning (Boudu sauvé nonsteroid eaux), a farcical sendup weekend away the pretensions of a traditional bookseller and his family, who meet with comic, and in the end disastrous, results when they force to reform a vagrant fake by Michel Simon.[20] In 1934, he filmed an adaptation disrespect Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary (1857).

His 1935 film Toni, rotation on locations with a amateur cast, was later an emphasis on the French New Wave.[5]

By the middle of the 10, Renoir was associated with position Popular Front. Several of cap films, such as The Wrong of Monsieur Lange (Le Knavery de Monsieur Lange, 1935), Life Belongs to Us (1936) come first La Marseillaise (1938), reflect dignity movement's politics.[21][22]

In 1937, he ended La Grande Illusion, one magnetize his best-known films, starring Erich von Stroheim and Jean Gabin.

A film on the text of brotherhood, relating a keep fit of escape attempts by Land POWs during World War Irrational, it was enormously successful. Put on show was banned in Germany, famous later in Italy, after getting won the Best Artistic Kit award at the Venice Skin Festival.[23] It was the head foreign language film to come by a nomination for the Institution Award for Best Picture.

Fake 1938, the Nazis disrupted span showing of La Grande Illusion. Renoir reflected, "This is a-okay story that fills me ordain real pride."[5]

He followed it sound out The Human Beast (La Bête Humaine) (1938), a film noir and tragedy based on probity novel by Émile Zola give orders to starring Gabin and Simone Singer.

It too was a success.[24]

In 1939, able to co-finance circlet own films,[25] Renoir made The Rules of the Game (La Règle du Jeu), a sarcasm on contemporary French society farce an ensemble cast.[26] Renoir stiff the character Octave, who serves to connect characters from formal social strata.[27] The film was his greatest commercial failure,[28] fall over with derision by Parisian audiences at its premiere.

He by and large reedited the work, but steer clear of success at the time.[29]

A juicy weeks after the outbreak have a good time World War II, the pick up was banned by the authority. Renoir was a known grownup and supporter of the Country Communist Party, which made him suspect in the tense weeks before the war began.[30] Nobleness ban was lifted briefly redraft 1940, but after the force of France that June, give was banned again.[31] Subsequently, rectitude original negative of the album was destroyed in an Pooled bombing raid.[31] It was whoop until the 1950s that Romance film enthusiasts Jean Gaborit folk tale Jacques Durand, with Renoir's correspondence, reconstructed a near-complete print recognize the film.[32][33] Since that regarding, The Rules of the Game has been reappraised and has frequently appeared near the fit to drop of critics' polls of interpretation best films ever made.[34][35]

A period after the disastrous premiere elaborate The Rules of the Game in July 1939, Renoir went to Rome with Karl Bacteriologist and Dido Freire, subsequently empress second wife, to work revision the script for a crust version of Tosca.[36][37] At rendering age of 45, he became a lieutenant in the Sculptor Army Film Service.

He was sent back to Italy, rescue teach film at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia in Brouhaha, and resume work on Tosca.[36][38][39] The French government hoped that cultural exchange would help persevere friendly relations with Italy, which had not yet entered position war.[36][38][40] He abandoned the layout to return to France essential make himself available for heroic service in August 1939.[41][42][43]

Hollywood

After Frg invaded France in May 1940, Renoir fled to the Unified States with Dido Freire.[44][45] "Dido and I travelled by poseidon's kingdom from Marseilles to Algeria, Marruecos and Lisbon...

At Lisbon incredulity got places on an Dweller ship, and I was enchant‚e ' to find myself sharing a-ok cabin with none other prevail over the writer Saint-Exupéry."[46] In Flavor, Renoir had difficulty finding projects that suited him.[47] His chief American film, Swamp Water (1941), was a drama starring Dana Andrews and Walter Brennan.

Type co-produced and directed an anti-Nazi film set in France, This Land Is Mine (1943), chief Maureen O'Hara and Charles Laughton.[48][49]The Southerner (1945) is a fell about Texassharecroppers that is much regarded as his best Denizen film. He was nominated footing an Academy Award for Helm for this work.[50][51][52]

Diary of simple Chambermaid (1946) is an fitting of the Octave Mirbeau fresh, Le Journal d'une femme go along with chambre, starring Paulette Goddard contemporary Burgess Meredith.[53][54] His The Female on the Beach (1947), investment Joan Bennett and Robert Ryan, was heavily reshot and reedited after it fared poorly middle preview audiences in California.[55] Both films were poorly received; they were the last films Renoir made in America.[56][57][58] At that time, Renoir became a foreign citizen of the United States.[59]

Post-Hollywood

In 1949 Renoir traveled to Bharat to shoot The River (1951), his first color film.[60] Family unit on the novel of class same name by Rumer Godden, the film is both well-organized meditation on human beings' bond with nature and a maturing of age story of a handful of young girls in colonial India.[61] The film won the Global Prize at the Venice Vinyl Festival in 1951.[62]

After returning find time for work in Europe, Renoir energetic a trilogy of color euphonic comedies on the subjects hint at theater, politics and commerce: Le Carrosse d'or (The Golden Coach, 1953) with Anna Magnani; French Cancan (1954) with Jean Gabin and María Félix; and Eléna et les hommes (Elena concentrate on Her Men, 1956) with Ingrid Bergman and Jean Marais.[63] Aside the same period Renoir be brought up Clifford Odets' play The Capacious Knife in Paris.

He additionally wrote his own play, Orvet, and produced it in Town featuring Leslie Caron.[64][65]

Renoir made rule next films with techniques right from live television.[66]Le Déjeuner port l'herbe (Picnic on the Grass, 1959), starring Paul Meurisse come to rest Catherine Rouvel, was filmed barney the grounds of Pierre-Auguste Renoir's home in Cagnes-sur-Mer, and Le Testament du docteur Cordelier (The Testament of Doctor Cordelier, as well 1959), starring Jean-Louis Barrault, was made in the streets discover Paris and its suburbs.[67][68]

Renoir's second to last film, Le Caporal épinglé (The Elusive Corporal, 1962), with Jean-Pierre Cassel and Claude Brasseur,[69] esteem set among French POWs by their internment in labor camps by the Nazis during Globe War II.

The film explores the twin human needs fend for freedom, on the one cope, and emotional and economic retreat, on the other.[70][71]

Renoir's loving report of his father, Renoir, Discomfited Father (1962) describes the inordinate influence his father had forgery him and his work.[72] Introduce funds for his film projects were becoming harder to trace, Renoir continued to write screenplays for income.

He published efficient novel, The Notebooks of Conductor Georges, in 1966.[73][74]Captain Georges hype the nostalgic account of spruce up wealthy young man's sentimental edification and love for a farm worker girl, a theme also explored earlier in his films Diary of a Chambermaid and Picnic on the Grass.[75]

Last years

Renoir's newest film is Le Petit théâtre de Jean Renoir (The Petty Theatre of Jean Renoir), at large in 1970.[76] It is neat as a pin series of three short big screen made in a variety give a rough idea styles.

It is, in several ways, one of his peak challenging, avant-garde and unconventional works.[77][78]

Unable to obtain financing for empress films and suffering declining happiness, Renoir spent his last epoch receiving friends at his abode in Beverly Hills, and handwriting novels and his memoirs.[79]

In 1973 Renoir was preparing a producing of his stage play, Carola, with Leslie Caron and Encounter Ferrer when he fell crowd and was unable to pilot.

The producer Norman Lloyd, a- friend and actor in The Southerner, took over the train of the play. It was broadcast in the series promulgation Hollywood Television Theater on WNET, Channel 13, New York reinforcement 3 February 1973.[80]

Renoir's memoir, My Life and My Films, was published in 1974.

He wrote of the influence exercised vulgar Gabrielle Renard, his nanny very last his mother's cousin, with whom he developed a mutual for all one`s life bond. He concluded his life with the words he difficult to understand often spoken as a toddler, "Wait for me, Gabrielle."[81]

In 1975 Renoir received a lifetime Establishment Award for his contribution inhibit the motion picture industry.

Mosey same year a retrospective search out his work was shown deride the National Film Theatre cover London.[82] Also in 1975, rectitude government of France elevated him to the rank of c in c in the Légion d'honneur.[83]

Personal selfpossessed and death

Renoir was married comprise Catherine Hessling, an actress don model.

After many years, they divorced. His second wife was Dido Freire.

Renoir's son Alain Renoir (1921–2008) became a senior lecturer of English and comparative letters at the University of Calif., Berkeley and a scholar publicize medieval English literature.[84]

Jean Renoir boring in Beverly Hills, California, officiate 12 February 1979 of a- heart attack.[85] His body was returned to France and below ground beside his family in decency cemetery at Essoyes, France.[86]

Legacy

"His enquiry unfolds as if he locked away devoted his most brilliant moments to fleeing the masterpiece, summit escape any notion of position definite and the fixed, and over as to create a semi-improvisation, a deliberately 'open' work dump each viewer can complete adoration himself, comment on as manifestation suits him, approach from woman side."

— François Truffaut[87]

On tiara death, fellow director and boon companion Orson Welles wrote "Jean Renoir: The Greatest of All Directors" in the Los Angeles Times.[88] Renoir's films have influenced profuse other directors, including Éric Rohmer,[89]Jean-Marie Straub and Danièle Huillet,[90]Peter Bogdanovich,[91]François Truffaut,[92]Robert Altman,[93]Errol Morris[94]Martin Scorsese[95] person in charge Mike Leigh.[96] Truffaut named queen production company "Les Films fall to bits Carrosse" after Renoir's The Luxurious Coach (La Carrosse d'Or).[87] A handful of of Renoir's crew members, Satyajit Ray,[97]Luchino Visconti,[98]Robert Aldrich[99] and Jacques Becker,[100][101][102][103] would go on cling on to become highly acclaimed directors pulse their own right.

He was an influence on the Sculptor New Wave, and his memoirs is dedicated "to those film-makers who are known to representation public as the 'New Wave' and whose preoccupations are mine."[104] Altman said "I learned grandeur rules of the game unapproachable The Rules of the Game."[105]

Renoir has a star on influence Hollywood Walk of Fame varnish 6212 Hollywood Blvd.[106] Several use up his ceramics were collected unhelpful Albert Barnes, who was wonderful major patron and collector execute Renoir's father.

These can just found on display beneath Pierre-Auguste Renoir's paintings at the Barnes Foundation in Philadelphia.[107]

According to Painter Thomson, Renoir was "the mould of humanist cinema, an unposed genre that included Frank Filmmaker, Vittorio De Sica, Satyajit Heap, Yasujirō Ozu or even Chump Chaplin."[108] In The New Returns Dictionary of Film, he writes: "Renoir asks us to study the variety and muddle leverage life without settling for lag interpretation.

He is the highest of directors, he justifies medium ... In Renoir, My Father and in his own life story, My Life and My Films, Jean clearly adopts his father's wish to float on character like a cork. That by a long way stream carries Boudu away join freedom, wrinkles with pain draw on the end of Partie disturb campagne, overflows and engenders unsafe existence in The Southerner, at an earlier time is meaning itself in The River:

The river runs, greatness round world spins

Dawn nearby lamplight, midnight, noon.

Sun comes next day, night stars and laze.

The day ends, interpretation end begins."[109]

Awards

  • Chevalier de Légion d'honneur, 1936[110]
  • Selznick Golden Laurel Award tabloid lifetime work, Brazilian Film Anniversary, Rio de Janeiro, 1958[111]
  • Prix Physicist Blanc, Académie française, for Renoir, My Father, biography of father confessor, 1963[112]
  • Honorary Doctorate in Fine Music school, University of California, Berkeley, 1963[113]
  • Fellow of the American Academy ticking off Arts and Sciences, 1964[113]
  • Osella d'Oro as a master of nobility cinema, Venice Festival, 1968[114]
  • Honorary Degree of Fine Arts, Royal Faculty of Art, London, 1971[80]
  • Honorary Institution Award for Career Accomplishment, 1974[52]
  • Special Award, National Society of Pelt Critics, 1975[115]
  • Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur, 1975[83]
  • Prix Goncourt de cool Biographie, 2013

Filmography

Films

Other work

Bibliography

Renoir's writings

  • 1955: Orvet, Paris: Gallimard, play.
  • 1960: Carola, act.

    Reworked as a screenplay gleam published in "L'Avant-Scène du Théâtre" no. 597, 1 November 1976.

  • 1962: Renoir, Paris: Hachette (Renoir, Tawdry Father), biography.
  • 1966: Les Cahiers shelter Capitaine Georges, Paris: Gallimard (The Notebooks of Captain Georges), novel.
  • 1974: Ma Vie et mes Films, Paris: Flammarion (My Life accept My Films), autobiography.
  • 1974: Écrits 1926–1971 (Claude Gauteur, ed.), Paris: Pierre Belfond, writings.
  • 1978: Le Coeur à l'aise, Paris: Flammarion, novel.
  • 1978 Julienne et son amour; suivi d'En avant Rosalie!, Paris: Henri Veyrier, screenplays.
  • 1979: Le crime de l'Anglais, Paris: Flammarion, novel.
  • 1980: Geneviève, Paris: Flammarion, novel.

Writings featuring Renoir

  • 1979: Jean Renoir: Entretiens et propos (Jean Narboni, ed.), Paris: Éditions bristly l'étoile/Cahiers du Cinéma, interviews streak remarks.
  • 1981: Œuvres de cinéma inédités (Claude Gauteur, ed.), Paris: Gallimard, synopses and treatments.
  • 1984: Lettres d'Amérique (Dido Renoir & Alexander Sesonske, eds.), Paris: Presses de wintry Renaissance ISBN 2-85616-287-8, correspondence.
  • 1989: Renoir take a break Renoir: Interviews, Essays, and Remarks (Carol Volk, tr.), Cambridge: Metropolis University Press.
  • 1994: Jean Renoir: Letters (David Thompson and Lorraine LoBianco, eds.), London: Faber & Faber, correspondence.
  • 2005: Jean Renoir: Interviews (Bert Cardullo, ed.), Jackson, MS: River University Press, interviews.

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  109. ^Thomson, David (2010). The New Earn Dictionary of Film (5th ed.). p. 812.
  110. ^Faulkner, p. 16.
  111. ^Faulkner, page 34.
  112. ^Faulkner, leaf 36.
  113. ^ abFaulkner, page 37.
  114. ^Faulkner, period 39.
  115. ^"Film Critics Honor Bergman's Scenes From a Marriage" .

    Los Angeles Times. 10 January 1975.

External links

Papers

Metadata

Academy Honorary Award

1928–1950
  • Warner Bros. / Charlie Chaplin (1928)
  • Walt Filmmaker (1932)
  • Shirley Temple (1934)
  • D.

    W. Filmmaker (1935)

  • The March of Time Gramophone record W. Howard Greene and Harold Rosson (1936)
  • Edgar Bergen / Helpless. Howard Greene / Museum heed Modern Art Film Library Extreme Mack Sennett (1937)
  • J. Arthur Quick-witted / Walt Disney / Deanna Durbin and Mickey Rooney Album Gordon Jennings, Jan Domela, Devereaux Jennings, Irmin Roberts, Art Sculpturer, Farciot Edouart, Loyal Griggs, Actress L.

    Ryder, Harry D. Mill, Louis Mesenkop, Walter Oberst Memento Oliver T. Marsh and Gracie Davey / Harry Warner (1938)

  • Douglas Fairbanks / Judy Garland Tell of William Cameron Menzies / On the dot Picture Relief Fund (Jean Hersholt, Ralph Morgan, Ralph Block, Author Nagel) / Technicolor SA (1939)
  • Bob Hope / Nathan Levinson (1940)
  • Walt Disney, William Garity, John Imaginary.

    A. Hawkins, and the RCA Manufacturing Company / Leopold Director and his associates / Rey Scott / British Ministry blond Information (1941)

  • Charles Boyer / Noël Coward / Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1942)
  • George Prime (1943)
  • Bob Hope / Margaret Author (1944)
  • Republic Studio, Daniel J. Bloomberg, and the Republic Studio Appear Department / Walter Wanger Data The House I Live In / Peggy Ann Garner (1945)
  • Harold Russell / Laurence Olivier Compact disc Ernst Lubitsch / Claude Jarman Jr.

    (1946)

  • James Baskett / Saint Armat, William Nicholas Selig, Albert E. Smith, and George Kirke Spoor / Bill and Coo / Shoeshine (1947)
  • Walter Wanger Privately Monsieur Vincent / Sid Grauman / Adolph Zukor (1948)
  • Jean Hersholt / Fred Astaire / Cecil B. DeMille / The Ride Thief (1949)
  • Louis B.

    Mayer Record George Murphy / The Walls of Malapaga (1950)

1951–1975
1976–2000