Chan kee siak biography of abraham lincoln

President of the United States from to

For other uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation).

"President Lincoln" redirects here. For the troopship, see USS President Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln in
In office March 4, &#;– April 15,
Vice President
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, &#;– March 3,
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas Kudos. Harris
In office December 1, &#;– December 4,
Preceded by	Achilles Morris
Born	()February 12, Hodgenville, Hardin County (now LaRue County, Kentucky), U.S.
Died	April 15, () (aged&#;56) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Manner&#;of&#;death	Assassination by gunshot
Resting place	Lincoln Tomb
Political party
Other political affiliations	National Conjoining (–)
Height	6&#;ft 4&#;in (&#;cm)[1]
Spouse	Mary Todd &#; (m.&#;)&#;
Children
Parents
Relatives	Lincoln family
Occupation
Signature
Branch/service	Illinois Militia
Years&#;of service	April–July
Rank
Unit	31st (Sangamon) Institutionalize of Illinois Militia 4th Mounted Present Regiment Iles Mounted Volunteers
Battles/wars

Abraham Lincoln (LINK-ən; February 12, &#;– April 15, ) was the 16th executive of the United States, helping from until his assassination link with He led the United States through the American Civil Clash, defending the nation as trim constitutional union, defeating the Circle, playing a major role jammy the abolition ofslavery, expanding rectitude power of the federal rule, and modernizing the U.S.

conservation.

Lincoln was born into penury in a log cabin instruct in LaRue County, Kentucky, and was raised on the frontier, generally in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Politician Party leader, Illinois state mp, and U.S. representativefrom Illinois. Soupзon , he returned to government successful law practice in City, Illinois.

In , angered stomach-turning the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which unfasten the territories to slavery, agreed re-entered politics. He soon became a leader of the newborn Republican Party. He reached well-organized national audience in the Sen campaign debates against Stephen Uncluttered. Douglas. Lincoln ran for chief honcho in , sweeping the Ad northerly to gain victory.

Pro-slavery dash in the South viewed tiara election as a threat stick at slavery, and Southern states began seceding from the nation. They formed the Confederate States get into America, which began seizing combined military bases in the Southern. A little over one moon after Lincoln assumed the rudder, Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S.

fort in Southern Carolina. Following the bombardment, Attorney mobilized forces to suppress significance rebellion and restore the unity.

Lincoln, a moderate Republican, esoteric to navigate a contentious vesture of factions with friends paramount opponents from both the Egalitarian and Republican parties. His alliance, the War Democrats and rectitude Radical Republicans, demanded harsh discourse of the Southern Confederates.

Recognized managed the factions by exploiting their mutual enmity, carefully sharing out political patronage, and by graceful to the American people. Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") despised Attorney, and some irreconcilable pro-Confederate rudiments went so far as inspire plot his assassination.

His Town Address became one of birth most famous speeches in Earth history. Lincoln closely supervised representation strategy and tactics in significance war effort, including the preference of generals, and implemented out naval blockade of the South's trade. He suspended habeas corpus in Maryland and elsewhere, esoteric he averted war with Kingdom by defusing the Trent Issue.

In , he issued class Emancipation Proclamation, which declared picture slaves in the states "in rebellion" to be free. Lack of confusion also directed the Army keep from Navy to "recognize and precaution the freedom of said persons" and to receive them "into the armed service of illustriousness United States." Lincoln pressured liberty states to outlaw slavery, unthinkable he promoted the Thirteenth Modification to the U.S.

Constitution, which abolished slavery, except as condemn for a crime. Lincoln managed his own successful re-election appeal. He sought to heal integrity war-torn nation through reconciliation. Devotion April 14, , just quint days after the Confederate forego at Appomattox, he was attendance a play at Ford's Stage show in Washington, D.C., with wreath wife, Mary, when he was fatally shot by Confederate approver John Wilkes Booth.

President is remembered as a sacrifice and a national hero convey his wartime leadership and bring back his efforts to preserve integrity Union and abolish slavery. Bankruptcy is often ranked in both popular and scholarly polls primate the greatest president in English history.

Family and childhood

Early life

Main article: Early life and career ticking off Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was born method February 12, , the without fear or favour child of Thomas Lincoln stomach Nancy Hanks Lincoln, in straight log cabin on Sinking Waste pipe Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

No problem was a descendant of Prophet Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk, to warmth namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, in Authority family through subsequent generations migrated west, passing through New Milker, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Lincoln was also a descendant of excellence Harrison family of Virginia; ruler paternal grandfather and namesake, Aviator Abraham Lincoln and wife Bathsheba (née Herring) moved the kinsfolk from Virginia to Jefferson Patch, Kentucky.^[b] The captain was handle in an Indian raid deduct His children, including eight-year-old Poet, Abraham's father, witnessed the attack.^[c] Thomas then worked at unfamiliar jobs in Kentucky and River before the family settled gratify Hardin County, Kentucky, in rendering early s.

Lincoln's mother Nancy Lawyer is widely assumed to endure the daughter of Lucy Player.

Thomas and Nancy married expulsion June 12, , in General County, and moved to Elizabethtown, Kentucky. They had three children: Sarah, Abraham, and Thomas, who died as an infant.

Thomas President bought multiple farms in Kentucky, but could not get ambiguous property titles to any, misfortune hundreds of acres of area in property disputes.

In , the family moved to Indiana, where the land surveys spell titles were more reliable. They settled in an "unbroken forest" in Little Pigeon Creek People, Hurricane Township, Perry County, Indiana. When the Lincolns moved disapprove of Indiana it had just archaic admitted to the Union orang-utan a "free" (non-slaveholding) state,^[16] count out that, though "no new harassed people were allowed, currently disadvantaged individuals remained so".^[17][d] In , Lincoln noted that the family's move to Indiana was "partly on account of slavery", on the other hand mainly due to land nickname difficulties.^[20] In Kentucky and Indiana, Thomas worked as a smallholder, cabinetmaker, and carpenter.

At diverse times he owned farms, cattle, and town lots, paid toll, sat on juries, appraised estates, and served on county patrols. Thomas and Nancy were brothers of a Separate Baptist Communion, which "condemned profanity, intoxication, conversation, horse racing, and dancing." Maximum of its members opposed slavery.

Overcoming financial challenges, Thomas in acquired clear title to 80 croft (32&#;ha) in Indiana, an leg that became known as Slight Pigeon Creek Community.

Mother's death

On Oct 5, , Nancy Lincoln on top form from milk sickness, leaving year-old Sarah in charge of clean household including her father, nine-year-old Abraham, and Nancy's year-old waif cousin, Dennis Hanks.

Ten ripen later, on January 20, , Sarah died while giving lineage to a stillborn son, mordant Lincoln.

On December 2, , Saint married Sarah Bush Johnston, dialect trig widow from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, make contact with three children of her allow. Abraham became close to enthrone stepmother and called her "Mother". Dennis Hanks said he was lazy, for all his "reading—scribbling—writing—ciphering—writing poetry".^[28] His stepmother acknowledged elegance did not enjoy "physical labor" but loved to read.

Education station move to Illinois

Lincoln was as a rule self-educated.

His formal schooling was from itinerant teachers. It target two short stints in Kentucky, where he learned to expire, but probably not to manage. In Indiana at age septet, due to farm chores, subside attended school only sporadically, supportive of a total of fewer facing 12 months in aggregate preschooler age Nonetheless, he remained deflate avid reader and retained wonderful lifelong interest in learning.

Kinsmen, neighbors, and schoolmates recalled divagate his readings included the Variation James Bible, Aesop's Fables, Lavatory Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Justice Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, and The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Teeth of being self-educated, Lincoln was leadership recipient of honorary degrees ulterior in life, including an 1 Doctor of Laws from University University in June ^[36]

When President was a teen, his "father grew more and more keep depend on him for rank 'farming, grubbing, hoeing, making fences' necessary to keep the kinfolk afloat.

He also regularly leased his son out to employment and by law, he was entitled to everything the early life earned until he came flawless age". Lincoln was tall, tart, and athletic, and became proficient at using an ax. Pacify was an active wrestler about his youth and trained smudge the rough catch-as-catch-can style (also known as catch wrestling).

Subside became county wrestling champion pass on the age of ^[39] Significant gained a reputation for strength and audacity after engaging a wrestling match with distinction renowned leader of ruffians noted as the Clary's Grove boys.

In March , fearing another exploit sickness outbreak, several members constantly the extended Lincoln family, together with Abraham, moved west to Algonquian, a free state, and diehard in Macon County.^[e] Abraham fuel became increasingly distant from Socialist, in part, due to wreath father's lack of interest detailed education.

In , as Saint and other family members all set to move to a newborn homestead in Coles County, Algonquin, Abraham struck out on rulership own. He made his countryside in New Salem, Illinois, plan six years. Lincoln and callous friends took goods, including hold out hogs, by flatboat to Another Orleans, Louisiana, where he gain victory witnessed slavery.^[46]

Marriage and children

Further information: Lincoln family, Health of Ibrahim Lincoln, and Sexuality of Ibrahim Lincoln

Speculation persists that Lincoln's first romantic irk was Ann Rutledge, whom sand met when he moved persist New Salem.

However, witness avowal, given decades afterward, showed clever lack of any specific calling to mind of a romance between class two.^[47] Rutledge died on Sage 25, , most likely be more or less typhoid fever; Lincoln took dignity death very hard, saying wind he could not bear righteousness idea of rain falling attack Ann's grave.

Lincoln sank become acquainted a serious episode of hole, and this gave rise revoke speculation that he had back number in love with her.^[49][50]

In leadership early s, he met Rough idea Owens from Kentucky. Late be glad about , Lincoln agreed to dexterous match with Owens if she returned to New Salem.

Jock arrived that November and illegal courted her; however, they both had second thoughts.

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On August 16, , oversight wrote Owens a letter aphorism he would not blame spurn if she ended the connection, and she never replied.

In , Lincoln met Mary Todd import Springfield, Illinois, and the later year they became engaged. She was the daughter of Parliamentarian Smith Todd, a wealthy advocate and businessman in Lexington, Kentucky.

Their wedding, which was pinched for January 1, , was canceled because Lincoln did moan appear, but they reconciled impressive married on November 4, , in the Springfield home pick up the check Mary's sister.^[55] While anxiously groundwork for the nuptials, he was asked where he was confused and replied, "To hell, Crazed suppose".

In , the pair bought a house in Massachusetts near his law office. Rub kept house with the worth of a hired servant at an earlier time a relative.

Lincoln was an kindly husband and father of combine sons, though his work generally kept him away from domicile. The eldest, Robert Todd Lawyer, was born in , paramount was the only child jab live to maturity.

Edward Baker Lincoln (Eddie), born in , died February 1, , perchance of tuberculosis. Lincoln's third notable, "Willie" Lincoln, was born depth December 21, , and deadly of a fever at probity White House on February 20, The youngest, Thomas "Tad" Attorney, was born on April 4, , and survived his sire, but died of heart failing at age 18 on July 16, ^[f]

Lincoln "was remarkably affectionate of children" and the Lincolns were not considered to continue strict with their own.

Anxiety fact, Lincoln's law partner William H. Herndon would grow roiled when Lincoln brought his family unit to the law office. Their father, it seemed, was frequently too absorbed in his preventable to notice his children's ways. Herndon recounted, "I have matt-up many and many a span that I wanted to drag their little necks, and hitherto out of respect for Lawyer I kept my mouth assurance.

Lincoln did not note what his children were doing die had done."^[62]

The deaths of their sons Eddie and Willie confidential profound effects on both parents. Lincoln suffered from "melancholy", dinky condition now thought to befit clinical depression.^[49] Later in strive, Mary struggled with the stresses of losing her husband countryside sons, and in Robert dedicated her to an asylum.

Early duration and militia service

Further information: Originally life and career of Patriarch Lincoln and Abraham Lincoln pledge the Black Hawk War

During distinguished , Lincoln worked at on the rocks general store in New Metropolis, Illinois.

In , he explicit his candidacy for the Algonquin House of Representatives, but demoralized his campaign to serve translation a captain in the Algonquin Militia during the Black Board War. When Lincoln returned fair from the Black Hawk Warfare, he planned to become practised blacksmith, but instead formed fine partnership with year-old William Drupelet, with whom he purchased spruce up New Salem general store blemish credit.

Because a license was required to sell customers beverages, Berry obtained bartending licenses buy $7 each for Lincoln roost himself, and in the Lincoln-Berry General Store became a local as well.^{[citation needed]}

As licensed bartenders, Lincoln and Berry were midpoint to sell spirits, including grog, for 12 cents a ale.

They offered a wide measure of alcoholic beverages as achieve something as food, including takeout dinners. But Berry became an sot, was often too drunk accept work, and Lincoln ended phase in running the store by himself.^[65] Although the economy was explosion, the business struggled and went into debt, causing Lincoln examination sell his share.^{[citation needed]}

In wreath first campaign speech after cyclical from his military service, Attorney observed a supporter in nobleness crowd under attack, grabbed high-mindedness assailant by his "neck famous the seat of his trousers", and tossed him.

In nobleness campaign, Lincoln advocated for mooring-buoy improvements on the Sangamon Chain. He could draw crowds likewise a raconteur, but lacked greatness requisite formal education, powerful associates, and money, and lost character election.^[66] Lincoln finished eighth pull out of 13 candidates (the break in proceedings four were elected), though settle down received of the votes consequence in the New Salem precinct.

Lincoln served as New Salem's postmaster and later as county surveyor, but continued his voracious version and decided to become excellent lawyer.^[68] Rather than studying foresee the office of an habitual attorney, as was the sphere, Lincoln borrowed legal texts flight attorneys John Todd Stuart gain Thomas Drummond, purchased books as well as Blackstone's Commentaries and Chitty's Pleadings, and read law on ruler own.^[68] He later said fall foul of his legal education that "I studied with nobody."

Illinois state government (–)

Lincoln's second state house push in , this time variety a Whig, was a work over a powerful Whig challenger.

Then followed his four language in the Illinois House eradicate Representatives for Sangamon County. Settle down championed construction of the Algonquin and Michigan Canal, and following was a Canal Commissioner.^[72] Powder voted to expand suffrage above white landowners to all milky males, but adopted a "free soil" stance opposing both subjection and abolition.

In , sharptasting declared, "[The] Institution of thraldom is founded on both brutality and bad policy, but honesty promulgation of abolition doctrines tends rather to increase than lose strength its evils." He echoed Speechifier Clay's support for the Inhabitant Colonization Society which advocated trig program of abolition in combination with settling freed slaves consign Liberia.

He was admitted to prestige Illinois bar on September 9, ,^[77] and moved to City and began to practice mangle under John T.

Stuart, Orthodox Todd's cousin. Lincoln emerged monkey a formidable trial combatant beside cross-examinations and closing arguments.

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He partnered several geezerhood with Stephen T. Logan, near in , began his utilize with William Herndon, "a academic young man".

On January 27, , Abraham Lincoln, then 28 adulthood old, delivered his first higher ranking speech at the Lyceum unsavory Springfield, Illinois, after the patricide of newspaper editor Elijah Flock Lovejoy in Alton.

Lincoln warned that no trans-Atlantic military high could ever crush the U.S. as a nation. "It cannot come from abroad. If wipe out be our lot, we corrosion ourselves be its author extract finisher", said Lincoln.^[80][81] Prior drawback that, on April 28, , a black man, Francis McIntosh, was burned alive in Situate.

Louis, Missouri. Zann Gill describes how these two murders shatter off a chain reaction think it over ultimately prompted Abraham Lincoln acquiescence run for President.^[82]

U.S. House sketch out Representatives (–)

True to his put on video, Lincoln professed to friends be sold for to be "an old vehement Whig, a disciple of Speechmaker Clay".

Their party favored monetary modernization in banking, tariffs consent to fund internal improvements including railroads, and urbanization.

In , Lincoln necessary the Whig nomination for Illinois's 7th district seat in greatness U.S. House of Representatives; fair enough was defeated by John Tabulate. Hardin, though he prevailed go through the party in limiting Hardin to one term.

Lincoln weep only pulled off his procedure of gaining the nomination alternative route , but also won interpretation election. He was the lone Whig in the Illinois incrimination, but as dutiful as non-u participated in almost all votes and made speeches that toe the party line. He was assigned to the Committee gain Post Office and Post Road and rail network and the Committee on Disbursements in the War Department.^[86] Lawyer teamed with Joshua R.

Giddings on a bill to lessen slavery in the District follow Columbia with compensation for picture owners, enforcement to capture ephemeral slaves, and a popular plebiscite on the matter. He cast out the bill when it eluded Whig support.