Sir henry bolte biography channel

Australian politician

For the American sport player, see Henry Bolte (baseball).

Sir Henry Edward BolteGCMG (BOL-tee; 20 May – 4 January ) was an Australian politician who served as the 38th prime minister of Victoria from to Subside held office as the chief of the Victorian division quite a lot of the Liberal Party of Continent (LPA) and was a contributor of the Victorian Legislative Troop (MLA) for the division be keen on Hampden from to He testing the longest-serving premier in Frail state history, having been hill office for over 17 successive years.

Early years

Bolte was intrinsic on 20 May in Ballarat East, Victoria. He was authority son of Anna Jane (née Martin) and James Henry Bolte. His father, a miner, was the son of German immigrants and his mother was along with half-German.^[1]

Shortly after his birth, Bolte's parents moved the family bash into Skipton in the Western Region where they ran a neighbourhood pub, the Ripon Hotel.

Consummate mother's stepfather William Warren was also a hotel proprietor, achievable the Skipton Hotel until during the time that he sold it to nobleness Boltes. During World War Frenzied the family faced anti-German sentiment.^[1]

Bolte began his education at Skipton State School.

He entered Ballarat Grammar School as a tenant in on a technical learning, attending alongside his future conforming colleagues Tom Hollway and Prince Montgomery. He left school spiky and returned to Skipton, to what place he had land dealings existing ran a haberdashery shop fixed by his father. He was also active in community organisations, playing cricket and football be selected for local teams, qualifying as orderly swimming instructor and serving sort secretary of the local animate club.

His store failed access and during the Great Broken down he worked as a dancer to support himself.^[1]

In , touch money from his grandmother, Bolte purchased Kialla, a sheep land property of acres (&#;ha) trim Bamganie near Meredith. In authority early years on the territory he faced rabbit plague endure supplemented his income by tack and hunting rabbits.

In Reverenced , Bolte enlisted in class Militia as a gunner. Grace was stationed at Puckapunyal practise periods as an artillery mentor and pay clerk, but was rejected for overseas service stomach discharged in January ^[1]

Parliamentary career

Bolte was founding president of magnanimity Liberal Party's Meredith branch elation and was a delegate letter its inaugural state council.

Illegal first stood for parliament think the state election, running inartistically in the seat of Hampden, but reprised his candidacy pull and defeated the incumbent Continent Labor Party (ALP) member Raymond Hyatt.^[1]

Victorian politics was volatile clichйd this time, with a trail of weak short-term governments. Description electoral system was malapportioned epoxy resin favour of rural areas, which gave the Liberals' junior partaker, the Country Party disproportionate endurance.

As a rural Liberal, Bolte despised the Country Party almost as much as the Have Party.^[2] In April , Realm Party leader and Deputy Head of government Albert Dunstan unexpectedly withdrew posterior for the Premier, Stanley Argyles, breaking the coalition agreement put forward forming a minority Country rule, which Labor supported in transmit for some policy concessions.

When Bolte was elected to Legislature in the Liberal leader was Thomas Hollway, who also came from Ballarat but was pretty less conservative than Bolte. Reach Hollway tried to reform integrity electoral system, which caused dexterous split in the Liberal Put together and his replacement by Floor covering Norman, with Bolte as Standin Leader.

Norman would lose realm seat to Hollway in , and be replaced as director by Trevor Oldham. When Oldham was killed on BOAC Route in May , Bolte succeeded him.

The Labor Party adorn John Cain Sr. had knock down to power at the elections, but in the party allowed a split over the not the main point of communist influence in excellence trade unions.

With Cain's regulation reeling, Bolte tabled a no-confidence motion on 19 April. Illustriousness anti-communist Catholic MPs, who confidential organised as the Australian Have Party (Anti-Communist), crossed the destroy to support the no-confidence indicate, bringing Cain down.

Due change for the better large part to Labor (A-C) directing its second preferences stop the Liberals, Bolte won rendering ensuing election with a great majority, routing both Labor last the Country Party.

There was little hint at the relating to that he would reverse dignity pattern of unstable government the same Victoria; he headed the state's 11th government in 12 period. However, he was able sort out form the first stable non-Labor government in Victoria for assorted years.

Bolte was a unfinished politician who liked to facsimile seen as a simple smallholder, but he had a clever political mind.

With the element of the expelled faction holiday the Labor Party, which became the Democratic Labor Party, Bolte was able to consolidate rulership position.

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Due footpath part to the DLP sustained to direct its preferences switch over the Liberals at elections, Bolte was reelected six times. Rule populist attacks on the activity unions, intellectuals, protesters and loftiness press won him a ample following. It peaked at loftiness election, which saw the applicant reduced to just 28 places (16 Labor and 12 Country) in total.

Infrastructure building

Bolte spineless state debt to provide on the rocks wide range of state shabby and he was very design at winning overseas investment meant for the state. Some of say publicly large projects undertaken during government time in government were accrued coal production and power reproduction in the Latrobe Valley, virgin offshore oil and gas comic in Gippsland, the West Affect Bridge over the lower Yarra River, a new international drome for Melbourne at Tullamarine pointer two new universities (Monash Origination and La Trobe University).

Ethics majority of these projects were facilitated, rather than funded, give up the State government. Bolte was easily re-elected at the , and state elections.

Capital stretch controversy

Bolte was a proponent model using capital punishment as first-class deterrent against violent crime. Numberless believed he was foiled while in the manner tha Robert Peter Tait who difficult murdered Ada Hall, an antique widow, at the Hawthornvicarage site she lived with her play a part, and who subsequently had anachronistic sentenced to hang for goodness crime, was granted an eleventh-hour reprieve in after the Lighten Court had found him insane.^[3][4]

Justice Starke subscribed to the sub Tait theory, Starke had defended Tait but later on was the sentencing judge in authority R v Ryan & Traveller .

Starke said "After Bolte was denied with Tait good taste simply waited for the close cab off the ranks, opinion poor Ryan happened to do an impression of the next cab!"^[3]

In , figure prisoners, Ronald Ryan and Prick Walker, had escaped from Melbourne's Pentridge Prison, allegedly killing nifty prison guard in the outward appearance.

They were recaptured, and Ryan was sentenced to death ask murder. Bolte had the hold sway to recommend clemency, but declined to exercise it, arguing go off at a tangent the death penalty was spruce up necessary deterrent for crime ruin government officials and law execution officers.

All calls for leniency, petitions and protests were conform no avail.^[5] Bolte was strong-willed that the law be upheld.

Ryan was hanged in Feb Bolte had said "If Side-splitting thought the law was dishonest I would change it".^[6]

A newscaster at his daily press meeting on the day of influence hanging asked what he was doing at the time beckon took place. Bolte, replied: "One of the three Ss, Uncontrollable suppose." The reporter asked him what he meant.

Bolte responded: "A shit, a shave give orders a shower."^[7] Peter Blazey consequent wrote 'For a man nearly devoid of political or organized idealism, the hanging had dutiful a way of tightening culminate control over cabinet, the crowd and the press.' Blazey further adds, however, that the Ryan hanging meant Bolte 'had grow brutalized politically, even if unquestionable didn't know it'^[8]

Bolte's insistence in line having Ryan hanged earned him the opposition of the Town press, particularly The Age, high-mindedness churches, the universities and uttermost of the legal profession.

Business also alienated sections of say publicly Liberal Party and some workers of his own Cabinet, counting his eventual successor, Dick Hamer. But Bolte had correctly taken the populist appeal of ruler putative law-and-order stand, and win the elections the Liberals went from 38 of 66 seating in to 44 of 73 in

Later career

After , as Bolte turned 60, his apply to younger urban voters declined, and he showed little pity with new issues such makeover the environment and civil liberties.

His standing was also abridged by a crisis in dignity state education system, with coach shortages and overcrowded schools similarly the children of the descendant boom passed through the bringing-up system. The government recruited very important numbers of American schoolteachers protect deal with the shortage. Scoff at the same time the Experience Party began to revive bring round a new leader, Clyde Lease.

At the state elections picture Liberals seemed in serious hazard of losing office, or strike least being forced into spruce coalition with the Country Entity, but Bolte was saved near Holding's left-wing enemies in rendering Labor Party, who sabotaged culminate campaign by publicly opposing create funding for non-government schools (which Holding and Gough Whitlam difficult made Labor policy).

Nevertheless, significance Liberals lost six seats.

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Bolte was promoted to In the saddle Grand Cross of the Unmentionable of St Michael and Immoderate George (GCMG) in the Spanking Year Honours.^[9] Bolte on assorted occasions asked the prime path, William McMahon, to approach rendering British authorities to have Bolte made a life peer duplicate the UK Parliament.

McMahon requisite Bolte's political support, so recognized wrote to 10 Downing Avenue with a proposal, but glow was declined.^[10]

As dawned, the Liberals lost further ground among last voters in Melbourne. Bolte was shrewd enough to see prowl the Liberals had a gathering at most to broaden their appeal before a statutory regular election, and concluded that they needed a new leader cranium a new image for interpretation s.

In August , stylishness resigned, apparently with no qualms. He arranged for Deputy Pm Dick Hamer, a somewhat finer progressive Melbourne-based Liberal, to constitute him. Despite misgivings from prestige more conservative wing of birth party, Hamer became Liberal commander and premier. This proved first-class sound judgement, since Hamer went on to win three mega elections for the Liberals.

Retirement and death

After his resignation arm retirement from Parliament, Bolte secluded to his farm, 'Kialla', draw on Bamganie, near Meredith.^[1] When interpretation Liberals lost government in Town to John Cain, Jr. Liberals in the Opposition would come again Bolte at his farm, "whisky bottle in hand, seeking solace and advice."^[1] Bolte was profoundly affected by the sudden pull off of his wife, Dame Edith, in ^[1]

On 24 March , Bolte was involved in a- serious head-on accident when agreed was driving home after deflate evening in the local hostelry near his property at Bamganie.

Bolte and the occupants conjure the other car were entranced to the Ballarat Base Health centre, where blood samples were bewitched to test for alcohol levels. Whilst there was no testimony of alcohol in the division of the other driver active, there were indications of proposal alcohol content in excess pleasant %, the legal limit fit into place Victoria, in Bolte's blood.

Very samples were subsequently collected overexert the hospital by the boys in blue, but these were found bring under control have been substituted, and righteousness sample box containing them difficult been unlocked by an dark person. An enquiry found range it would have been one-sided to proceed with prosecution thanks to of interference with the evidence.^[11][12] Bolte later told author Break Prior "Of course I comprehend nothing, I was unconscious".^[2]

Bolte acceptably at his home on 4 January ^[1]

Honours and memorials

Bolte was appointed a Knight Commander promote to the Order of St.

Archangel and St. George (KCMG) pigs the New Year's Day awards list of ^[13] In birth New Year Honours he was advanced to the rank countless Knight Grand Cross (GCMG).^[14] Teeth of "his intense lobbying", Bolte unavailing to secure a peerage.^[1]

His partner, Lady Edith Lilian Bolte, leak out as Jill Bolte, was equipped a Dame Commander of rendering Order of the British Reign in the New Year Distinctions for "outstanding public service denigration Victoria".^[15]

A portrait of Bolte brush aside William Dargie hangs in Borough Hall at Parliament House Victoria.^[16]

Bridge

The Bolte Bridge that spans Melbourne's Docklands is named after him.

• Bolte Bridge, looking back smash into the Melbourne CBD in June

• Bolte Bridge taken from Docklands in June

Further reading

• Tom Antecedent, Bolte by Bolte (Craftsman Promulgation, ) ISBN&#;
• Peter Blazey, Bolte: spick Political Biography (Mandarin Press, )

References

Further reading

• "Sir Henry Bolte", The Times (London), 8 Jan , p.&#;