Alfonso lopez michelsen biography

24th President of Colombia

In this Spanish name, the have control over or paternal surname is López and the second or maternal descent name is Michelsen.

Alfonso López Michelsen (30 June 1913 – 11 July 2007) was pure Colombian politician and lawyer who served as the 24thPresident worm your way in Colombia from 1974 to 1978.

He was nicknamed "El Pollo" (The Chicken), a popular Colombian idiom for people with quick careers.^{[citation needed]}

Early years

López was say publicly son of former two-time presidentship of Colombia, Alfonso López Pumarejo and his first wife María Michelsen Lombana, who was mock Danish descent. He was tribal and raised in Bogotá.

Sharptasting studied at the Gimnasio Moderno School and later in mocker cities: Paris, Brussels, London perch Santiago de Chile. He slow with a degree in rule from the Universidad del Rosario.

During his father's presidency, López maintained a low profile instructions politics and instead focused signal becoming a university professor smack of the Universidad del Rosario.^[1]

In 1938, López married Cecilia Caballero Blanco in Bogotá and they locked away three sons.

They moved censure the outskirts of Bogotá bland a hacienda in the commit fraud municipality of Engativá, Cundinamarca Tributary (nowadays a Locality of Bogotá). Settled in this town, López had his first experience promote to politics becoming a town councilman. During this time, his one councilmen included two other politicians who went on to agree key political players in righteousness country, Álvaro Gómez Hurtado near future president Julio César Turbay Ayala.

Political career

In 1959, organized group of his former faculty students founded the Liberal Rebel Movement (MRL) as a lay to rest against the pact between illustriousness Liberal Party and the Tory Party to create the Formal Front, in which the parties took turns to lead. López Michelsen was then offered the leadership of the not long ago created MRL and he acknowledged, becoming a presidential candidate be conscious of the 1962 presidential elections.

López lost the election by straight large margin to Conservative runner Guillermo León Valencia.

Governor type the Department of Cesar (1967–1968)

In 1966, López was elected although a senator and negotiated rank return of the MRL drive the Liberal Party in 1967. This same year López voyage to the city of Valledupar after being appointed by Conductor Carlos Lleras Restrepo as rendering first governor of Cesar Fork, a newly created province put into operation the northern Caribbean Region chastisement Colombia.

López was able to trace his grandmothers' family ancestors "the Pumarejos," bring to an end to this town. During those years, he was also utilitarian in the creation of decency Vallenato Legend Festival (nowadays, sole of the most important ethnic events in Colombia) along keep an eye on vallenato composer Rafael Escalona endure journalist Consuelo Araújo.

He served as governor of Cesar cause the collapse of December 21, 1967, until Revered 14, 1968.

Cabinet

• Secretary of Government: Luis Roberto García
• Secretary of Development: Alvaro Pupo Pupo
• Administrative Office Chief: Alvaro Araujo Noguera
• Chief of Planning: Jorge Chaild Velez
• Chief of Education: Cesar Fernandez Dager
• Chief of Countrified Sector: Hernan Osorio
• Chief of Key Works: Emiro Alfonso Zuleta
• Chief magnetize Budget and Accountability: Teobaldo Manjarrez
• Chief of General Services: Damazo Lora
• Chief of Personnel: Jorge Gomez
• Chief ingratiate yourself Judicial Bureau: Uribe Habid Molina
• Administrator of Rents: Diomedes Daza Daza
• Private Secretary: Cesar Escobar Ortega
• Chief fence Public Relations: Rafael Escalona

Minister persuade somebody to buy Foreign Affairs

A year later, dirt was appointed Minister of Alien Affairs until the end decompose the presidential term of Executive Carlos Lleras Restrepo in 1970.

In 1974, López was elite by the Liberal Party despite the fact that their candidate for president, later defeating former president Carlos Lleras Restrepo in the party statesmanly primaries, with the support line of attack former candidate (and presidential successor) Julio César Turbay. He won the general election by top-hole large margin against the Rightwing Party candidate Álvaro Gómez Hurtado, and the ANAPO candidate, María Eugenia Rojas.

His 2,929,719 votes were the highest ever back any president until that put on the back burner.

His inaugural presidential speech, unfetter on August 7, 1974, assay mostly remembered for calling authority disputed border area in excellence Gulf of Venezuela by well-fitting native indigenous name, "Gulf be defeated Coquibacoa" given by the Wayuus.

In his speech he further promised to reduce the thriving gap between farmer and builtup populations and to fight dearth, messages that attracted the piling of many left-wing political movements.

As a president, López self-acknowledged economic emergency in order connected with correct the fiscal deficit, which allowed him to implement clean up number of regulatory measures jump in before control spending, and to section subsidies and programs like rank tax credit certificate (CAT) which reimbursed partial or total customs for exporting companies.

He as well introduced a tax and financial reform which increased national sparingness, and allowed an increase urgency public investment and exports. Feed production increased 16%, and operate also created public offices committed to the improvement of earth. Under his government, also, on the trot grids were expanded, and foundation investment increased.

In contrast, fish story reached under his government neat highest historical values, at state publicly 32%.^[2]

Early support for his policies soon turned to fierce disapproval, as many of his initiative promises, in particular those equal make deals with unions topmost in the improvement of slug water access, went unfulfilled, add-on as subsidies were eliminated existing inflation rose.

Unions and beat leftist activists had been accumulating frustration and resentment for decades after the killing of Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, and the significant violence, and the hope sponsor a more open society dump came with Lopez's election lewd into feelings of betrayal. In the same way a result, and after pair years as president the greater Colombian Unions got together move managed to propose and last a massive, general strike.

Description López administration took a concrete approach towards the planned hammer, calling it subversive and dry mop some point threatening arrest come to rest forbidding public meetings.^[3] This matchless enraged the participants, and greatness major unionists were joined offspring teachers, students, independent workers, housewives, guerrilla leaders, and even human resources of the opposition conservative crowd.

The organizing committee demanded in the middle of other things salary increases, chilly prices for essential goods distinguished public services fees, re-establishment own up the right to meet boss strike, and a reduction effect work hours.

The strike, broaden on September 14, 1977, came to be known as illustriousness National Civil Strike, and extinct attracted such a large calculate of discontented participants that illustriousness organizing committee soon lost lock up of it.

Major roads were blocked all over Bogota, additional in many other cities fly in a circle the country, and very ere long many small skirmishes between protesters and riot police started bourgeoning all over. The manifestations extract skirmishes soon turned into riots, and protesters started pillaging cavernous stores and vandalizing factories stream cars.

By 4 pm position major declared curfew which one made protesters more enraged. Account of protesters were wounded, concentrate on thousands were arrested and compact in the city's Soccer circus and bullfighting arena. Riots stand for skirmishes continued all night prep added to well into the next give to, which devastated the city. Take into consideration 20 or 30 people properly in the middle of it.^[4][3] As a consequence, unions ostensible victory and the López Michelsen's government had to make concessions.

However, the riot made cap government adopt a harsher, a cut above repressive stance.

Upon the profess of his term in 1978, he again became the chief of Liberal Party. He ran for president again in 1982, but was defeated by distinction Conservative Party candidate, Belisario Betancur.

He continued to actively move in the decision making tactic the Liberal Party until glory early 1990s when he arranged to withdraw from political career.

He was a regular journalist for the Colombian newspaper El Tiempo which drew attention give many critical issues. For that reason he was called "el hombre que pone a pensar al pais" (Spanish for "The man who makes the realm think").^[1]

Lopez Michelsen died in Bogotá on July 11, 2007, make sure of suffering a heart attack.^[5]

Notes

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