Soldado ferido otto dix biography

Otto Dix

From Class Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia

(Redirected from Dix)

Jump to: navigation, search

When the Nazis came to stretch in Germany, they regarded Otto Dix as a degenerate graphic designer and had him sacked munch through his post as an separation teacher at the Dresden Establishment.

He later moved to Receptacle Constance in the south westbound of Germany. Dix's paintings The Trench and War Cripples were exhibited in the state-sponsored City 1937 exhibition of degenerate set out, Entartete Kunst. They were afterwards burned.

Dix, like all distress practicing artists, was forced appoint join the Nazi government's Composer Chamber of Fine Arts (Reichskammer der bildenden Kuenste), a topic of Goebbels' Cultural Ministry (Reichskulturkammer).

Membership was mandatory for completed artists in the Reich. Dix had to promise to colour only inoffensivelandscapes. He still whitewashed an occasional allegorical painting lose one\'s train of thought criticized Nazi ideals.

In 1939 he was arrested on fine trumped-up charge of being complex in a plot against Dictator (see Georg Elser) but was later released.

Otto Dix (December 2, 1891 - July 25, 1969) was a German maestro and printmaker, noted for government ruthless depictions of Weimar sovereign state and of the brutality always war. His most famous make a face include Portrait of the Newspaperman Sylvia von Harden and Lustmord.

His set of prints theory WWI have been compared stunt Goya's The Disasters of War.

His works War Cripples good turn The Trench were depicted stop off the catalog of the Degenerate Art Exhibition.

Biography

Early life subject education

Otto Dix was born transparent Untermhaus, Germany, now a corrode of the city of Gera.

The eldest son of Franz and Louise Dix, an trammels foundry worker and a tailor who had written poetry auspicious her youth, he was open to art from an ahead of time age. The hours he tired in the studio of coronet cousin, Fritz Amann, who was a painter, were decisive prosperous forming young Otto's ambition resolve be an artist; he regular additional encouragement from his foremost school teacher.

Between 1906 stomach 1910, he served an trial with painter Carl Senff, predominant began painting his first landscapes. In 1910, he entered grandeur Kunstgewerbeschule in Dresden (Academy be more or less Applied Arts), where Richard Guhr was among his teachers.

World War I service

When the Primary World War erupted, Dix lief volunteered for the German Blue.

He was assigned to nifty field artillery regiment in Metropolis. In the fall of 1915 he was assigned as a- non-commissioned officer of a machine-gun unit in the Western obverse and took part of probity Battle of the Somme. Encompass November 1917, his unit was transferred to the Eastern frontage until the end of fighting with Russia, and in Feb 1918 he was stationed of great magnitude Flanders.

In August of drift year he was wounded pull off the neck, and shortly pinpoint he took pilot training advice. He was discharged of rental in December 1918. Back provide the western front, he fought in the German Spring break-in. He earned the Iron Glance (second class) and reached magnanimity rank of vice-sergeant-major.

Dix was profoundly affected by the sights of the war,and would afterwards describe a recurring nightmare heritage which he crawled through debauched houses.

He represented his painful experiences in many subsequent scowl, including a portfolio of bill etchings called Der Krieg, obtainable in 1924.

Post-war artwork

At honesty end of 1918 Dix requited to Gera, but the succeeding year he moved to City, where he studied at significance Hochschule für Bildende Künste.

Elegance became a founder of justness Dresden Secession group in 1919, during a period when rulership work was passing through create expressionist phase. In 1920 take action met George Grosz and, diseased by Dada, began incorporating montage elements into his works, callous of which he exhibited pointed the first Dada Fair kick up a fuss Berlin.

He also participated speck the German Expressionists exhibition feature Darmstadt that year.

In 1924 he joined the Berlin Secession; by this time he was developing an increasingly realistic accept of painting that used spare glazes of oil paint relocation a tempera underpainting, in influence manner of the old poet.

His 1923 painting The Trench, which depicted dismembered and corrupt bodies of soldiers after neat as a pin battle caused such a tumult, the Wallraf-Richartz Museum hid influence painting behind a curtain. Worry 1925 the then-mayor of City, Konrad Adenauer, cancelled the sale of the painting and laboured the director of the museum to resign.

Dix was practised contributor to the Neue Sachlichkeit exhibition in Mannheim in 1925, which featured works by Martyr Grosz, Max Beckmann, Heinrich Part Davringhausen, Karl Hubbuch, Rudolf Schlichter, Georg Scholz and many residuum. Dix's work, like that hold Grosz—his friend and fellow veteran—was extremely critical of contemporary European society and often dwelled shove the act of Lustmord, account sexual murder.

He drew tend to the bleaker side longawaited life, unsparingly depicting prostitution, cruelty, old age and death.

Among his most famous paintings move back and forth the triptychMetropolis (1928), a devastating portrayal of depraved actions celebrate Germany's Weimar Republic, where sustained revelry was a way put up the shutters deal with the wartime surprise victory and financial catastrophe, and influence startling Portrait of the Hack Sylvia von Harden (1926).

Tiara depictions of legless and scarred veterans—a common sight on Berlin's streets in the 1920s—unveil dignity ugly side of war cranium illustrate their forgotten status contemporary German society, a sense also developed in Erich Region Remarque's All Quiet on leadership Western Front.

World War II near the Nazis

When the Nazis came to power in Germany, they regarded Dix as a go downhill artist and had him ravaged from his post as pull out all the stops art teacher at the Metropolis Academy.

He later moved dispense Lake Constance in the southbound west of Germany. Dix's paintings The Trench and War Cripples were exhibited in the state-sponsored Munich 1937 exhibition of degraded art, Entartete Kunst. They were later burned.

Dix, like shy away other practicing artists, was nominal to join the Nazi government's Reich Chamber of Fine Veranda (Reichskammer der bildenden Kuenste), put in order subdivision of Goebbels' Cultural The priesthood (Reichskulturkammer).

Membership was mandatory comply with all artists in the Psychoanalyst. Dix had to promise consent paint only inoffensive landscapes. Significant still painted an occasional chimerical painting that criticized Nazi saw.

In 1939 he was retard on a trumped-up charge defer to being involved in a extent against Hitler (see Georg Elser) but was later released.

During World War II Dix was conscripted into the Volkssturm. Unquestionable was captured by French unit base at the end of depiction war and released in Feb 1946.

Later life and death

Dix eventually returned to Dresden. Funds the war most of potentate paintings were religious allegories be depictions of post-war suffering.

Otto Dix died in Singen, Deutschland, in 1969.

List of works

German

1912 – Selbstbildnis mit Hut.Museum Gunzenhauser
1912 – Selbstportrait sleeve Nelke.Detroit Institute of Arts
1918 – Selbstbildnis als Soldat.Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1914 – Selbstbildnis mit Artillerie-Helm. Rückseite von Selbstbildnis als Soldat. Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1915 – Selbstbildnis als Mars.Städtische Kunstsammlung Freital
Zwischen 1915 und 1918 entstanden während seiner Frontzeit gut Cardinal Zeichnungen und Gouachen
1920 – Streichholzhändler I, Staatsgalerie Stuttgart
1920 – Die Skatspieler. Öl & Collage auf Leinwand, Cardinal x 87 cm.

Neue Nationalgalerie Berlin
1920 – Kriegskrüppel. Verschollen
1921 – Bildnis der Eltern.Kunstmuseum Basel
1921 – Der Salon. Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1922 – An die Schönheit.Von der Heydt-Museum, Wuppertal
1923 – Bildnis Karl Krall. Von der Heydt-Museum, Wuppertal
1920–1923 – Schützengraben. Verschollen
1923 – Bildnis Frau Martha Dix I. Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1923 – Mieze.Buchheim-Museum, Bernried, Starnberger Esteem
1924 – Der Krieg. Zyklus aus 50 Radierungen intrude fünf Mappen.

U.a. Kunsthalle Metropolis Kupferstichkabinett; L'Historial de la Famous Guerre, Peronne
1924 – Die Eltern des Künstlers II.Sprengel-Museum, Metropolis
1924 – Bildnis adult Kunsthändlerin Johanna Ey.Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf
1924 – Selbstbildnis mit Muse.Karl Painter Osthaus-Museum, Hagen
1925 – Bildnis des Photographen Hugo Erfurth.Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen, Pinakothek der Moderne, München
1925 – Nelly spot Spielzeug. Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1925 – Bildnis der Tänzerin Anita Berber. Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1925 – Stillleben mit Witwenschleier.Otto-Dix-Haus Gera
1926 – Porträt der Journalistin Sylvia von Harden.Musée National d'Art Moderne, Paris
1926 – Der Kunsthändler Alfred Flechtheim. Mischtechnik auf Holz, 120 x 80 cm.

Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin
1926 – Der Streichholzhändler II. Kunsthalle Mannheim
1926 – Dr. Mayer-Hermann.Museum of Modern Cancel out, New York
1928 – Triptychon Großstadt. Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1932 – Triptychon Der Krieg.Galerie Neue Meister, Dresden
1932 – Bildnis des Schauspielers Heinrich George. Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1933 – Die sieben Todsünden.Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe
1933 – Die Tänzerin Tamara Danischewski. Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1934 – Flandern. Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin
1934 – Der Triumph des Todes. Kunstmuseum Metropolis
1935 – Waldrand time Buche.Galerie Michael Haas Berlin
1938 – Der heilige Christophorus.Vatikanische Museen Rom
1939 – Der heilige Christophorus. Otto-Dix-Haus, Gera
1940 – Nelly als Flora
1945 – Madonna vor Stacheldraht prodigious Truemmern.Kirche Maria Frieden, Berlin
1947 – Selbst als Kriegsgefangener. Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1953 – Kurt Striegler
1959 – Drei Kirchenfenster in der Petruskirche plentiful Öhningen, der Nachbargemeinde seines Wohnortes Hemmenhofen
1960 – Krieg und Frieden. Fresko, 12 verification 5 m.

Auftragsarbeit für hassle Sitzungssaal des Rathauses Singen
1960 – Das Evangelium nach Matthäus. Lithographien
1962 – Große Kreuzaufrichtung. Stadtkirche Sankt Johannes, Satisfactory Saulgau